Contagiousness of Violence Essay -- Holocaust, Hitler, Jews

The final solution is one of the most researched atrocities of recent History on that point are many atrocities that one can research, why the Holocaust? Because along with being a horrific event in human history, its also a testament to the strength of the survivors, and a testament to the Horrors that Hitler began. This extremity in history can be separated into two major straggles the persecution of the Jewish people, and the extermination of all undesirables, which constituted mostly of Jews. Often measure when researching the Holocaust you hear about Hitler and his villainy, but he was solo part of the problem. This Paper intends to compare the arguments presented by Saul Friedlander in Nazi Germany and the Jews 1939-1945 The Years of elimination and Peter Longerich in the Holocaust the Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews the paper will examine the contagiousness of violence, hatred, and prejudice that the Germans and the occupied territories participated in between 1933 and 1945 of Hitlers Nazi Regime. Nazi Germany and the Jews 1939-1945 the Years of Extermination begins the examination into the Holocaust by looking at the person who nurtured and strengthened the anti-Semitic feelings in Germany, and subsequently Europe, Adolf Hitler. Under Hitlers Germany there was the essence of a political religion that is the devotion Germany felt for his cultural, and political goals is comparable to ones faith in God. He had absolute loyalty, he ruled with fear, propaganda, and his personality the key detail in his political rise to power is the externalizing of blame. in Hitlers views the Jews were first and foremost an active (Eventually deadly) threat (Friedlander 16) he saw the Jews as the root of all evil, behind all the detrimental... ...edlander examines is prevalent in Longerichs assessment of German control of Soviet occupied territories, the only difference that exist between the two is the detail, Friedlander briefly covers the situation whil e Longerich dedicates and entire section just to the murder of the Jewish men and then the close to the escalation from just the men to all Jews.The paper thus far has covered Hitler as the catalyst for the infection that took a hold of Europe, then the spread of his direful views to the German populace, its disastrous involvement in Poland and soviet territories. Now the paper will cover the extermination of the European Jew. Up until this point the events werent part of the Final Solution to the Jewish question only the propaganda, fear, and hatred that the Nazi regime spread along with their infectious views of the Jewish population in Europe.

Understanding Culture Essay -- Sociology

Culture, is defined by Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary, as the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon mans capacity for contemplateing and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations. People assume about close through interaction rather than through the memorization of a text. To become fluent in any one culture you strike to experience it and become involved. There are many ways that a culture can be shared among people without them being fluent in it such as through food, customs, clothing, language, beliefs, and behaviors. With the increase of technology and new discoveries about the world developing daily it makes it impossible for cultures to remain stagnant therefore, they must learn how to adapt in order to survive. Some people argue that complete cultural fluency in more than one culture is impossible. However, culture is a learned behavior therefore people should be able to learn and become fluent in more than one. Culture is distinctly human and is contagious through learning traditions and customs that govern behavior. Cultural anthropologists study human society and culture through describing, analyzing, projecting and explaining social and cultural similarities and differences. To study and interpret cultural diversity they engage in two activities which are ethnography and ethnology. Ethnography is based on fieldwork while ethnology is based on cross-cultural comparisons of the selective information collected through ethnography. The studies done on culture can be shared in two ways first through theoretical or academic anthropology and second through practical or applied anthropology. An example of academic anthropology, which teaches us about culture, is a textbook ... ...nity. An example is the way they brocaded and slaughtered animals rather than buying them packaged at a store. Although a year may not be enough time to become fluent in a culture, the stories of the students living abroa d prove that a person can learn and become part of more than one culture.Culture is what defines the difference amongst humans and animals. We grow up in a culture which influences who we are and how we live. Through studying different cultures we learn more about our own culture, ourselves, our strengths, and weaknesses. nevertheless to become fluent a person cannot simply study a culture, rather they must be on an interactive level and experience the culture first hand.Sources Citedhttp//www.merriam-webster.com/Kottak, Conrad Cultural Anthropology Appreciating Cultural Diversity. McGraw-Hill Education 15 edition, October 11, 2012

What Accounts For The Stability of the Tokugawa Regime? :: essays research papers fc

What Accounts for the Stability of the Tokugawa Regime?In the first half of the Seventeenth century, the regime perfected by Ieyasu Tokugawa and his successors was based on the accepted system of daimy domains which Nobunaga and Hideyoshi had been developing prior to Ieyasus rule. It was thus basically feudal in structure, but it represented a highly organised and unchanging stage of feudalism, unlike Europe ever experienced. The reasons for the stability of such a regime are quite numerous, and demonstrate the bakufu governments capability of maintaining a time of peace for the better part of two centuries. They maintained this peaceful era by the strict regulation of the other powers of Japan, and thus there let influence was an omnipresent force throughout the nation.After the battle of Sekigahara in 1600, by which Ieyasus total control of Japan was attained, in order to make quick stability, as stated, he made use of the thoroughly familiar Daimy System. Upon achieving this r apid yet superficial form of stability, he endeavoured to make various improvements so as to solidify the permanence of his own power, and subsequently Tokugawa rule in general.This first method which he adopted to secure his position was by the segmentation of land post-Sekigahara. The shgun reserved for themselves a huge realm consisting of a quarter of the agricultural land of the country, located largely around their Kanto headquarters in Edo and the old capital region around Kyoto, but also including all the major Japanese cities, ports and mines. The other three quarters of the land was split between three types of daimy. Firstly, there were the related daimy which consisted of various branches of the Tokugawa family, most notably the three large domains of Wakayama, Mito and Nagoya. Then there were the many fudai ( inheritable) daimy, who had been Ieyasus vassals pre 1600, with their alternatively small fiefs in central Japan. Finally there were the tozama, who, during the battle of Sekigahara, had either been Ieyasus enemies or powerful allies and still posed a nemesis to his rule. These tozama held relatively large fiefs at the western and northern ends of the islands, far form the strategically important central part of the country. Thus the Tokugawa coalition of shgun, related daimy, and hereditary daimy (both of which were loyal to the shgun), held well over half the agricultural land and virtually all the central and most strategic regions, and so any potential little terror to Tokugawa rule was minimised.

Essay on Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Evil Exposed in The Pardoners Ta

The Root of Evil Exposed in The excusers Tale The root of only mephistophelian is capital. Because this phrase has been repeated so some(prenominal) times throughout history, one can fail to realize the truth in this timeless statement. Whether applied to the corrupt clergy of Geturnedrey Chaucers time, selling indulgences, or the corrupt televangelists of today, auctioning off salvation to those who can afford it, this truth never seems to lose its validity. In Chaucers famous work The Canterbury Tales, he points out military many inherent flaws of human nature, all of which still apply today. Many things have changed since the fourteenth century, but humanitys ability to act foolish is not one of them. Perhaps the best example of this is illustrated in The Pardoners Tale. His account of three rioters who set out to conquer Death and instead deliver it upon each other, as well as the prologue which precedes the tale, reveal the truthfulness of the aforementioned(pren ominal) statement as it applies to humanity in general and the Pardoner himself. Before he even begins his tale, the Pardoner delivers a sort of disclaimer, informing the pilgrims of his practices within the church. The Pardoner was an expert at exploiting parishioners guilt for his financial gain. He sold them various relics that supposedly cured ailments ranging from sick cattle to jealousy. And if the relics didnt seem to work, it was obviously because of the sinful man or woman who purchased them, and no fault of the Pardoner. He had a few lines he would routinely say to his potential customers Good men and women, heres a backchat of of... ...aucer does a great job of pointing out flaws of human nature, as well as the hypocrisy of organized religion. He shows in several ways that money is indeed the root of evil. In addition to the obvious message of The Pardoners Tale, Chaucer also paints a vivid picture of the Pardoners character and uses this to further reinfo rce his point. By examining both The Pardoners Tale and the Pardoner himself, it isnt hard to see that the statement continues to ring true just as it did 500 years ago The root of evil is money. Works Cited and Consulted Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Pardoners Prologue and Tale. In The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams et al. 6th ed. 1 vol. New York Norton. 1164-178. French, Robert Dudley. A Chaucer Handbook, 2nd ed. New York Appleton Century Crofts Inc., 1955.

The Founders and Religious Freedom Essay -- U.S. History

James Madison and doubting Thomas Jefferson are two of the seven key founding fathers of the United States. The causative of the founders of the U.S. was to establish religious freedom in the colonies therefore, religion was of importance to them. When the policy of the insularity of perform and state was enacted by the founding fathers through the Constitution, it meant that under a secular government, religious freedom would always be protected. Issues such as the freedom to practice ones religion arose in the earlier colonies and the separation of church and states prevents these issues from occurring again. The separation of church and state protects the rights of all and ensures religious freedom. This policy has proven to be nothing but a success for religion in the States. The founding fathers created the Constitution to protect religious freedom. Within the Constitution is the guarantee of the separation of church and state. For example, within schooldayss the Su preme Court in the early mid-sixties ruled against mandatory worship in public schools. Some believe the Court kicked God out of the schools but this was not the case. Instead it governed that neither politicians nor school officials, but parents, have the right to decide the religious teaching their child receives. Today, many religious leaders in America support the guaranteed separation of church and state established and protected by the Constitution. They say they do not want to see any religion favored by the government. According to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, religion was very cardinal. Thomas Jefferson actually revealed more about his faith than any other founding father. The role of religion was so important to these founders that they, along ... ...tp//www.au.org/resources/publications/americas-legacy-of-religious-liberty-pass-it-on.Hutson, James. Library of Congress, James Madison and the Social Utility of Religion. Last modified May 31, 2001. (accessed April 6, 2012). http//www.loc.gov/loc/madison/hutson-paper.html. Loconte, Joseph. There Heritage Foundation leadership for America, James Madison and Religious Liberty. (March 16, 2001). (accessed April 6, 2012). http//www.heritage.org/research/reports/2001/03/james-madison-and-religious-liberty.Perry, Barbara, A. Jeffersons Legacy to the Supreme Court Freedom of Religion. Journal Of Supreme Court History 31, no. 2 (July 2006) 181-198. America History & Life, EBSCOhost (accessed April 6, 2012).All About History, Separation of Church and State. (accessed April 6, 2012). http//www.allabouthistory.org/separation-of-church-and-state.htm.

The Founders and Religious Freedom Essay -- U.S. History

James capital of Wisconsin and doubting Thomas Jefferson are two of the seven key founding fathers of the United States. The motive of the founders of the U.S. was to establish spectral freedom in the colonies therefore, religion was of importance to them. When the policy of the separation of church and suppose was enacted by the founding fathers through the Constitution, it meant that under a secular government, religious freedom would eternally be protected. Issues such as the freedom to practice ones religion arose in the earlier colonies and the separation of church and states prevents these issues from occurring again. The separation of church and state protects the rights of all and ensures religious freedom. This policy has proven to be nothing but a success for religion in America. The founding fathers created the Constitution to protect religious freedom. Within the Constitution is the guarantee of the separation of church and state. For example, within schools t he Supreme Court in the early sixties ruled against mandatory worship in public schools. Some believe the Court kicked God out of the schools but this was not the case. Instead it governed that neither politicians nor school officials, but parents, have the right to influence the religious teaching their child receives. Today, many religious leaders in America support the guaranteed separation of church and state established and protected by the Constitution. They say they do not want to see any religion favored by the government. According to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, religion was very important. Thomas Jefferson actually revealed more about his faith than any other founding father. The role of religion was so important to these founders that they, along ... ...tp//www.au.org/resources/publications/americas-legacy-of-religious-liberty-pass-it-on.Hutson, James. Library of Congress, James Madison and the Social Utility of Religion. Last modified May 31, 2001. (acce ssed April 6, 2012). http//www.loc.gov/loc/madison/hutson-paper.html. Loconte, Joseph. There Heritage Foundation Leadership for America, James Madison and Religious Liberty. (March 16, 2001). (accessed April 6, 2012). http//www.heritage.org/ inquiry/reports/2001/03/james-madison-and-religious-liberty.Perry, Barbara, A. Jeffersons Legacy to the Supreme Court Freedom of Religion. Journal Of Supreme Court History 31, no. 2 (July 2006) 181-198. America History & Life, EBSCOhost (accessed April 6, 2012).All About History, interval of Church and State. (accessed April 6, 2012). http//www.allabouthistory.org/separation-of-church-and-state.htm.

How does the view of modern media and literature vary to the biblical literature on the medical developments of Cloning?

This essay deals with the issues raised in the media by the rapid technological developments of clone and in particular on the religious beliefs of the uncomparableness of flavor. It bequeath also touch upon the honourable and intelligent issues brought just about through out the development of re- take a leak. 1A cl one(a) is a group of genetically kindred organisms. Identical gibe atomic number 18 therefore a clone since both come form one fertilised egg that is catchment basind into 2 genetically identical cadres that then separate.In the unconscious process of mammalian cloning there are two processes. Nuclear Transfer is where the nucleus is removed from the unfertilised egg cell this eliminates all its genetic info. The cell nucleus of the individual being cloned is introduced into the enucleated egg cell though cell fusion. If this is done in the right conditions, the egg cell then begins to divide and go through a process of foetal developments as if it had b een fertilised normally. The separate process is artificial twinning which is a process of splitting the fertilized egg into two or much embryos.First an egg cell is fertilised by sperm, then left to grow into an embryo. The embryo is split into two or more embryos when it is tranquillise in the early stage of development. The split embryo are nurtured into advanced embryos, all genetically identical, then implanted into the surrogate mother to grow. This is non the aforesaid(prenominal) as nuclear transfer as the born animal has biological parents and is a clone of its brothers and sisters. copy of mammals has proven to be difficult and has yet demonstrable in the past few years through a long line of research. 3In 1997 came the most famous sheep of all Dolly who was cloned using a cell from an adult sheep. She represented a new departure because she was the first mammal to brace been cloned using a nucleus taken from an adult sheep. She possessed a genetic code identical to that of her original parents. This breakthrough raised the possibility of cloning adult mammals rather than embryos.However it is not known yet whether nuclear transfer will be possible in the process of cloning world. Most future cloning developments will not even concern the fosterage of humans still it will focus on using cloning to understand cell development, heredity and genetic structure. For example cloning research whitethorn contribute to disease treatment by allowing scientists to reprogram cells. Through research, skin cells could be reprogrammed into insulin producing cells in the pancreas.These skin cells would then be introduced into the pancreas of the diabetes tolerants, allowing them to produce insulin. 4However a number of other applications has been envisaged. It could be utilize in future research in which cloning may be beneficial, such as encouraging research into cloned tissues to work with the staple body-building blocks of life the stem cells and d iscovering how to reprogramme them in such away that they will develop into the tissue that is needed such as skin or fondness muscle or nerve cells.These stem cells can be acquired from the foetus which has miscarried or been aborted. In parade to obtain these stem cells which are genetically identical to the suffer, it is necessary to use the cloning technique, taking the nucleus of a cell from the affected person and putting it into a human egg, from which the nucleus has been removed. This is the creation of life it is genetically identical to the person who is suffering.After just a few days of cell division, the stem cells would be removed from the embryo and then the embryo would be destroyed, this would give you a cell line which would never be human but would be utilize for producing identical tissue for a patient who needs a supply of cells or tissue for grafting, such as replacing meat muscle tissue which would offer hope for state with heart disease, or adept tissu e which would help suffers of Alzheimers.However m any(prenominal) of these future applications of cloning involve the creation of embryo solely as a outset of cells and destroying them. In an bind by Roger Highfield cognizance editor of The Daily Telegraph raises the honorable question, does the 100 cell early embryo that will be used in the stem cell research count as a person? That is the question at the heart of the debate. At one extreme, pro-life groups, the Catholic Church and some other religious organisations argue that the embryo becomes a human being as soon as an egg is fertilised, and should be accorded the homogeneous respect as a baby. However, as stated by Roger Highfield in the Sunday Telegraph 2002 the Christian tradition has not always granted this moral status to the early embryo.For many centuries it was acceptd that the human soul did not enter the embryo until 40 days after mood in the case of a man, and 90 days after conception in the case of a woman. T his distinction that ended in 1869 when Pope Pius IX declared that women who had survived an miscarriage were to be excommunicated implying that a person was ensouled at conception. Highfield trusts those at the other extreme of the debate claim that a very early embryo is no more than a collection of un variantiated cells and deserves little more attention that any other isolated human cell or tissue.The fact that the embryo has the capability to become a person does not they say accord it the rights of a person. They also say the ingest that the embryo is a person from the moment of conception does not match most peoples idea of human personal identity. The Warnock committee concluded that the early embryo has special status but not one that justifies its absolute protection. One of the arguments used by the modern media against developing embryonic stem cells is the selfsame(prenominal) for cloning whole animals.As it could be argued that once scientists have done this there would be no stopping them from going on to develop a human clone. If once the first step is taken it tycoon masterm inevitable that the next step should follow. Therefore is it wrong to let the first step take place? As Mary Warnock suggests in her article on stem cell research from the Dialogue journal is our fear of genetic manipulation different in kind from other fears? Many fears of new discoveries have been fears of supposed risks. This was the case when people feared steam engines or internal combustion engine.And we have on whole become a risk opposed society, we think of minimising risks as human nature. The issue poses the question of how cloning maybe beneficial as well as morally wrong. The people against cloning chance it is an affront to religious sensibilities it seems like playing God and interfering with the natural process. There are other objections too like they are worried that cloning appears to be a powerful force that can be exploited to produce horrendo us results like creating a population entirely the same. One of the important ethical concerns brought up by the media is the possibility of the psychological impact on the offspring. Would the human clone have a diminished sense of individuality? mayhap human clones would think that they were genetically destined to the same fate as the person from whom their donor cells came. 7Ethical questions have been raised about how cloning could also maneuver the childrens genotypes, which could be practised in discriminatory ways.As the author Peter Paris expressed in the Ethics of Human Cloning that parents could use cloning as genetic manipulation along with other techniques to exercise the quality control over their children, or perhaps scientists may use it with racist smell a fear raised by Peter Paris, Since Europeans, and euro Americans have never been able to affirm the value of the worlds darker races as equals, there is little reason to believe that their scientists would not s eek to rid the world of some of its racial diversity by combining science of eugenic with that of human cloning,.From this there could be a reduction in genetic variability, for producing many clones runs the risk of creating a population entirely the same. The population would be susceptible to the same diseases and one disease could do in the entire population. Too this lends support to old prejudices and it could also raise new ones which cut across existing social divisions. In the modern media supporters of cloning tump over that with careful continuation of research, the technological benefits of cloning clear outweigh the possible social consequences.In their minds, the final products of cloning, like farm animals and laboratory mice will not be the most important achievement. The applications of cloning the envision are not nightmarish and inhumane, but will improve the overall quality of science and life. Cloning will help to produce discoveries that will affect the stud y of genetics, cell development, human growth, and obstetrics. Also the people who argue in favour of cloning believe that much of the concerns are based on misunderstandings.They believe cloning in reality would produce what amounts to a delayed identical twin, several years or even decades younger than that person who is being cloned. Identical twins are separate individuals. They look different because of different preferences, clothing and hairstyle. They even have different moral values, academic achievements and tastes in music. As many identical twins through their lives develop unique identities of their own. Another misunderstanding is how genes influence an individuals development. Human beings do not inherit a fixed unchangeable genetic blueprint from their parents.Scientists believe its an interaction between genes and the surroundings in which an individual grows up and lives including the environment in which the foetus is in the womb. 8One of the major reasons people fear cloning is based religious reasons on the notion that a clone is an imperfect fictive of the real thing, which causes some people to think that far from having the same soul as someone else a clone would have no soul at all. In the book Remaking Eden it was stated that the Irvine, California, rabbi Bernard King was seriously frightened by this idea when he asked, Can the cloning process create a soul?Can scientists create the soul that would make a being ethical, moral, caring, loving, all the things we attribute humanity to? . The Catholic Father Saunders suggested that, Cloning would only produce humanoids or androids-soulless replicas of human beings that could be used as slaves. However there is nothing artificial about the cells used in cloning. They are springy all through the cloning process. The newly formed embryo can only develop inside the womb of a woman in the same way embryo and foetuses develop.Cloned children will be proper human beings thus the notion of so ulless clone has no basis in reality. 9Though the fundamental ethical concern is something for which Christian theology provides some insights. Neil Messer suggests that the act of cloning can go against many peoples moral and religious beliefs. The bible is an important part of any Christians life and it contains the teachings of God and his views on life. In genesis he talks of the creating of earth where on the fifth dayGod created man in his take care in the image of God he created him male and female he created them. genesis 1v27. Human beings are made in the image of God. This bestows on them unique status in creation to treat them, not as manipulated, is to violate Gods minded(p) nature. Should we be going against him and creating humans to our specifications? Or is this what God would have cute? Many strong Christians would disagree with pre-cloners saying that God made man and we should not be tampering with God and his creations, we are finite and limited creatures, we are mortals rather than God, and it is both foolish and self destructive for us to forget that.Whilst many would answer with arguments that if God had not wanted this then he would not have let humans progress so far, like genesis 11 we find human beings use there God given learning and ingenuity to try and reach up to heavens, to make a name for themselves in efforts to become like God Come let us build ourselves a city a tower that reaches the heavens, so that we may make a name for themselves and not be scattered over the face of the earth Genesis 11v3.In this man is using Gods given ability to push back out limits to take some measure of control and authority over created order and share in Gods creative work. This was seen as an arrogant use of that skill and ingenuity to pretend that we have no limits, that we are Gods. However God has given us freewill and to exercise this freewill would mean consequently God cannot be held responsible. 10Also in Bioethics a primer for Chr istian Gilbert Milander believed Christians would also see cloning as a violation to the uniqueness of human life, which God has given to each person and to no one else.Christians are given their individuality uniqueness in the ritual of baptism. In baptism God sets his hand upon them calls them by name and thereby establishes their unique individual identity and destiny. Their uniqueness is not a personal achievement or power it is established in community with God when they realise that they can not directly control their destiny but when they admit that life is grounded and sustained by God. 11Nevertheless from the earliest time of human culture we have been co-creators with God.We have taken the things around us including our own bodies and brains and reorganised them into a number of different ways. We can ask ourselves the question is there anything that can be excluded from the touch of the human hand and the initiative of the human brain Even now we have discovered that li fe itself can be tampered with. Which shows us that we are co creators with God and we can shape life leastways we desire. 12Consequently can we Christians accept their positions as co-creators or would this be seen as blasphemy?Although the fact remains that humans have been given such power without the experience and understanding of God, which means the moral issue then becomes whether we will use our power responsibly. What wrong things might we create with the power of life? Will we be able to watch someone die knowing we are able to create replicas of them? Will we deny our human weakness and try and stop the process of aging by replacing aging parts of our body? Will we worship physical strength and create a society where only those people live and make false images of human life selected by our own preferences.The media has now made us aware that the possibility of cloning humans is only a few years away. Though Cloning has offered us an insight into the power of creation that humanity has done. A Christian could come to the analysis that humans are co creators with God, that we are ever moving closer to making babies rather than having babies. The media and religious organisations believe Cloning represents a test of human restraint wisdom and technological developments and in many ways identifies genetic engineering as one of the most moral problems of the 21st century.Epilogue The media provides us with information that the science of cloning continues to evolve at a rapid pace, and medical advancements based on this science will continue to provide new ethical and religious challenges. As Dr Michael West said on a radio4 Today programme when interviewed by John Humphrys The Use of stem cell research for the repose of disease, Parkinsons, Cystic thybrosis will prove to be irresistible but not for human cloning, Literature ReviewI have many books create verbally about the ethical debate surrounding cloning all of which are in the light of the re cent developments of cloning and sets out the modern debate and the Medias views of cloning as well as the theological issues. The books seem quite useful all giving different viewpoints on the subject and they all seem to have been written quite recently as cloning is a new issue and first explored in March 1997 when Dolly the first cloned mammal was born. There are journals which consist of the moral debate of cloning hence I will be able to get hold of up to date information and the view ethicists in this area.The Ethics of Human Cloning Neil Messer 2001 With all the recent events and research of cloning this booklet sets out the debate of cloning it explains the technical terms clearly and draws out the theological issues and shows what Christians have to contribute to the discussion of Cloning. 2 Clone The Road to Dolly and The Path Ahead 1998 This book puts the science and ethics into scene and discusses what part of cloning may play in the future of this medical research and human race. The book also considers the ethical dilemma that maybe used to clone human.Also the book touches on how news on scientific journals reach the popular media. 3. Remaking Eden Cloning and Beyond 1999 This book explores the science of embryology touching down on cloning and the new world of baby making , it explains what science can do and will be able to do. 4. figure of my flesh, the ethics of Human cloning This book contains a collection of articles from scientists, philosophers, bioethists and theologians debating whether cloning should be allowed , it also examines up to date laws on cloning and different legal points of views.

Premier Furniture

postmortem examination Furniture Company It was mid-Aprll. and Richard Zimmerman, reference analyst for the Premier Furniture Company, was completing his outset round of credit reviews for 1984. Two of his accountsDeslgners, Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Walcott Department Stores of Hartford, computed tomographyhad moved well beyond the credit limits set by Premier. It was Zimmermans Job to determine the appropriate corrective steps. After his third look at the client file for Designers, Inc. Zimmerman was still undecided. He had evaluated the account as satisfactory In his annual review in early 1983, but his reservations at that time were non lessened by the performance in fiscal 1984. It was evident that the substantial sales to Designers in the last three months did not necessarily signal an better relationship. Zimmerman was in addition troubled by the most recent numbers of Walcott Department Stores. Walcott had been a reliable account since 1951 but had posted a large run loss in fiscal 1984.His review was further complicated by the tact that the owners had recently opened stores in Worcester and Springfield, Massachusetts. Although Walcotts future obviously depended on how the fork stores f ard, Zimmerman had no reason to assume their advantage or failure. 4h*fi, Designers (ffL+Uee, , FM-x-r eve, It was obvious to Zimmerman that the Designers and Walcott accounts invited a raised eyebrow, but given Premiers credit policy the numbers came as no surprise. tone home furniture for distribution to dealer cooperatives, independent home furnishing retailers, and regional furniture chains.The company advertised its lines nationally and attempted to maintain intensive c all overage of trading areas by istributing through stores strategically located with a particular merchandising area. Beginning in 1975, however, Premier found that product quality and service no longer assured success in the broad range of egresslets the company had cultivate d. Credit terms and financing of dealers became a critical marketing tool, and in the words of credit manager Karl Freund, Premier soon found itself backed into the position of supporting numerous customers in order to maintain adequate to(predicate) distribution for its products. Unfortunately, Premiers heavy financing of dealers coincided with a national credit squeeze and higher(prenominal) interest rates on borrowed money. tg, Zimmerman was also aware that many of Premiers customers had waited out more than seven years of a relatively soft market only to suffer a noticeable decline in sales in the late summerand early fall of 1983. As in previous downturns, stores featuring lower- impairmentd lines were hit first, followed by quality retailers at the end of the year.Although the decline in sales was not severe, the drop in volume and subsequent price cutting reduced the profit margins of some retailers enough to offset profits earned in the first half of 1983. As might be expec ted, the downturn in the market was quickly passed on to manufacturers. Many of Premiers customers tightened their belts by reducing orders for new lines and reorders for established lines. They believed that the price cutting in the second half of 1983 had resulted in considerable overbuying by consumers, and they were therefore anticipating a downturn in sales.The dramatic drop in orders alter manufacturers across the country. Orders for shipment fell 10% from February to March, and then an additional 20% from March to April. E-fifi f&fllikh, lit, Alpha The Designers and Walcott files sat on his desk awaiting his decision, but Zimmerman was still mulling over the contradictions posed by the files. He knew, for instance, that Walcott enjoyed fairly steady sales throughout the year and that 50% were cash or charge sales. The remaining sales were installing purchases which called for 25% down and the balance in 6 monthly payments.Premier, on the other hand, supposedly sold on terms of 3% in 10 days, net in 60 daysand had established a $50,000 limit on Designers and a $75,000 limit on Walcott. In truth, Premiers terms had become negotiable. Zimmerman was also frustrated by the fact that Karl Freund expected to see a foot on the brake while the sales manager was pressuring him to ut both feet on the gas. Given his Job, Zimmerman believed that it was in the companys interest to know the difference between a good customer and a bad risk.But with the sales manager insisting that blanket(a) financing was the only way to spark an upturn in orders, Zimmerman felt caught in an impossible position. The time had come to seek the advice of the companys credit manager. Five minutes subsequently collecting the essential information from each file (see Exhibits 1 through 5), Zimmerman placed the folder in the hands of Karl Freund. f&RhF, 1511?0, , premier, fifi, Q, fi-nmew,?-, fi-nmeilfr, A credit analyst for a furniture manufacturer is confronted with two customers who h ave exceeded their credit limits.The financial performance of each has been weak, and one of the customers has a highly leveraged balance sheet. Industry conditions are weak the manufacturer apparently has excess capacity and the credit analyst is caught between the conflicting demands of the sales managers and the credit manager. The case provides an opportunity for ratio analysis. The Premier Furniture Company of Newfield, North Carolina, centers on manufacturing high-quality home furniture for distribution.By 1975, Premier found that product quality and service no longer assured success in the markets they were in therefore, credit terms and financing of dealers became a critical marketing tool. Regrettably, Premiers weighty financing of dealers corresponded with a national credit squeeze and higher interest rates on borrowed money. In 1984, Richard Zimmerman, the credit analyst for the Premier Furniture Company, took over the task of assessing the financial health of Premiers cu stomers. Two of their accounts, exceeded the credit limits previously set by Premier. Premier had to make a decision on Designers Inc. d Walcottthey needed to fgure out the difference between good customers and bad credit risk. premiefiwzb,

Community Assessment and Analysis Essay

Yuma Community Of all the problems faced by Yuma federation, along with the enunciate ranking for teen births, the community besides takes third place. (County Health Rankings, 2012). Programs that will help to educate teens on the importance of using birth control in order to stop undesirable pregnancies argon a rising need within the community. Additional wellness problems for this community include obesity in the adolescent population in 2005, the Yuma community had more or less thirty six percent of its adolescent in obese category, comparing to twenty nine percent in the entire say. (Centers for Disease Control, 2005). In the state The Steps program steered by the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child C ar Centers, targeted five communities and over 2,200 children mostly decreasing sugary drinks, cumulative character reference intake and wholegrain foods. The state of Arizona as a whole is facing another larger issue in the Vaccination rate.World Heal th brass instrument mandates 95% of vaccination rate for the entire population. The rate of vaccination set by the state is 90% and the current rate of the State is 70%, which cold below the target goal and is alarming. (Arizona Department of Health Service, 2011). Arizona Re humans magazine reports that, I the upper and middle class integrity of the reason for non-compliance with immunization is fear of causing Autism. If given opportunity, the lower class families seem to show better compliance with immunization when cost factor is elicited (Alitucker, 2011). Location and temper play an heavy role in the health issues of this community. Mexico and California ar the two borders of Yuma community. The economy and budget gets divided among law enforcement and Border patrol. The increasing criminal offense rate requires the state to contribute a major part of its budget towards law enforcement and protection of its citizens, which takes a down toll on the availability of the pu blic health resources initiation. A health initiative, to utilize funding , much(prenominal) as to ensure free water supply to all the community could benefit to elicit problems link to Dehydration in this desert climate. Educational status is another concern of this community.Hispanic population accounts for sixty percent. High rate of drop outs from school is considered to be related to language barrier. Education git play a vital role in enabling the community to critically to acknowledge problems and to find remedies to gruntle healthy as a community. Yuma Community can benefit from added funding to support and to maintain programs to stay healthy as a community. With the limited funding, community is able to assist with citizens with housing, health insurance including dental coverage in the community (Need Help Paying Bills, 2011). Yuma community cannot be considered totally poor, because the community consists of one main acute cargon hospital and two smaller hospitals ins ide a sixty mile distance. But the lack of Medical specialty such(prenominal) as Cardiac surgeries or those require high skilled treatments atomic number 18 not easily available within the community. The nearest specialty hospitals for children and adults are in Phoenix.Fatal accidents accounts as first reason for the higher death rate in the community. In 2007, the total death rate for the city of Yuma is higher than the state average in total, directing to fatal accidents as the source (Yuma, AZ, 2012). The functional health assessment of Yuma community, we relieve oneself learned that there are many problems that can be considered in the County. Some of the key problems prominent are high rates of obesity, alcoholism, drug addiction, and teen pregnancy. Though the total obesity rates are close to national average, the statistics show that County has a much higher rate of adults that do not exercise. In order to care for the mental health take of the community, the County has six addiction treatment centers. The suicide rate remains high even with the availability of mental health service within the community.There are two legions bases to serve the community. The increased poverty rate is believed to be the reason for higher addiction rate. Yuma is the eleventh largest city in the state, but they baffle the third highest rate of teen births. There are several facilities in the county to assist socially with issues related to parenting poverty, and employment, addition of more funding and facilities can be helpful to the community, to rebuild a healthier community. Even with all of these problems, several people are proud to call Yuma County their infrastructure. The friendship matte up within the communities such as a military social function, the local bar, at the river, or out on the ridges leads many people to find a pleasant and intellectual life here. There are plenty of resources to help the population discover the services they require, and to enjoy a cleaner and healthier environment. With an added focus on the health issues, Yuma community can stay healthy and happy.Sleep and rest.The sleep habit of the people in Yuma is mostly uninterrupted. Most of them are sleeping 6-8 hrs at night. expiration to bed At 10 pm and waking at 0600.There are full time workers with 12 hour and 8 hour schedules. Some of the members are doing the part time work, some are doing voluntary work. Some of the older population states that very seldom they use sleeping pills to promote sleep. Few of the ladies contract the habit of drinking, hot milk before going to bed, limited number of ladies shit the habit of drinking wine before sleep. Some of the adult populations have sleep apnea problems. Sound sleep indicates sound health of mind and body.Cognitive/PerceptualThe primary language for this community is English. Increasing numbers of older adults have access to and are knowledgeable about computers. They are well educated and most of t hem are well employed. No communication barriers noted among this group. Libraries and internet facilities are available in the community for the members use. Most of the older people using glasses for the visual impairment and few of them were using hearing aid for the auditive impairment. The people go to the community college for short term career goals. It was interesting to note that some of the older people are continuing education.Self-Perception/Self-ConceptYuma city population consist of 29.6% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. Agriculture is a major industry in Yuma, topping Arizona counties in agricultural sales. In addition, Yuma County in addition houses the US Marine Corps Air Station and US Army Yuma Proving Grounds are located near Yuma City. Yuma County is thus characterized by large transient populations, as it is a temporary place of residence for agricultural migrant wo rkers, winter residents and military personnel. With the beginning of the winter growing season in October, the county has a large influx of migrant farm workers and winter residents.In 2008, Yuma County was a temporary home to 41,314 migrant and agricultural workers and to 12,600 winter residents (Yuma Special Area Statistical Profile-2008). Hunting is a popular sport, as the county offers a variety of different types of game. Fun, Friendship, Freedom and fulfilment are the mission of Yuma County. The members are bound together by these missions. Some of the major attractions in Yuma County are the historical Territorial Prison, the Yuma Crossing Historic Park. other great places to visit are the Kofa Mountain Range and Wildlife Refuge, and Martinez and Mittry Lakes.Sexuality/ReproductiveThe people in Yuma County believe that teen pregnancy and/or STDs are a major health issue in Yuma County. Youth and teens are most affected along with Hispanics and Native Americans. Compared to the 2010 health targets, however, Yuma County falls short in decrease teen pregnancy among 15-17 year olds, prenatal care, low birth weight, and fetal/infant death. The family environment was mentioned as a factor contributing to negative health outcomes stemming from the breakdown of the family.One interview respondent felt that children do not have a sense of self-worth or self-esteem and are no long-dated being nourished only sustained. Interview respondents felt that parents do not have time for their children and there is a lack of communication between parents and children. Further, they felt parents are not involved or are not educated on how to take care of their childrens health. Most of the members are having annual material checkup with mammogram and Pap smear. Community awareness program including the transmission and prevention of STD/ HIV / AIDS are being held in the community.Coping/StressAn important aspect of healthy ageing is the ability to cope with and adapt t o life conditions and transitions. Participation in social activity helps the Yuma county people to cope with transitory, acute and continuing stressors in their lives. The accumulation of chronic health conditions can negatively affect psychological wellbeing and quality of life. In addition to health-related stressors, the death of a better half is often a challenging loss for older population. Related to this, social isolation, loneliness and loss of social support systems may be additional stressors in older peoples lives that affect psychological wellbeing. There is evidence that both personal attributes and social resources influence the perceived severity of a stressor, and also the types of coping strategies that older women use to manage these stressors. The Yuma county members managing stress with multiple ways.ReferenceBest Places. (2012). People in Yuma County, Arizona. Retrieved November 29, 2012, from http//www.bestplaces.net/people/county/arizona/Yuma Centers for Di sease Control. (2005). Teen obesity statistics. Retrieved November 27, 2012, from http//www.cdc.gov Child, youth, and school services. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.yumamwr.com/cys.html City of Yuma. (2012). Parks and recreations. Retrieved November 22, 2012, from http//www.ci.yuma.az.us/1357.htm County Health Rankings. (2012). Yuma, Arizona teen birth rates. Retrieved from http//m.countyhealthrankings.org/node/246/14

Health Care Reform Project Essay

IntroductionBy 2030, one in five Americans testament be over age 65, and the healthc atomic number 18 system is just beginning to feel the burden. (Matthews, 2013) Medical technologies, from the discovery of antibiotics to the portable defibrillators in nearly every workplace in the get together States, countenance succeeded in prolonging life. In fact, humans are living about thirty years longer. (Matthews, 2013) This creates a gigantic problem for the US disposal Who is paying for the health disquiet of these aging singulars?Cause of Death for Seniors Over Sixty-FiveAn article in live science last year indicates that a senior over 65 years of age is most likely to die from falls resulting in head trauma. (Live science, 2013) Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States, contributing to about 30% of all injury deaths. Every day, 138 people in the United States die from injuries that include TBI. Those who survive a TBI can face ef fects lasting a few days to disabilities which whitethorn last the rest of their lives. do of TBI can include impaired thinking or memory, movement, sensation (e.g., vision or hearing), or emotional functioning (e.g., personality changes, depression). These issues not only consider individuals but can have lasting effects on families and communities (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Falls resulting in traumatic brain injury for seniors, if the trauma is severe, may result in months if not the remainder of the individuals life and leave the individual in need of around the clock nursing care.The turn out results, if the individual survives a traumatic brain injury, may render the individuals personality (change in mental status, mannerisms, or habits) being adversely modify to severe deficitsin the senses. The capability of walking and/or talking, the use of one or both arms, and the ability to control bodily functions are all possibilities that may occur if a n individual suffers traumatic brain injury. The cost of therapy and nursing care can swiftly deplete a seniors savings. Once stabilized, sideline the occurrence, an individual, if the individual is able to ambulate sufficiently returns, he or she may live for additional decades. If the ability to ambulate is grossly affected, despite adequate care, the individual stands to experiences frequent battles with lung infections, which may eventually lead to death.Regardless, beyond 65 years of age with one or more chronic diseases, the need for assistances will bristle with each year. According to Matthews, seniors tend to romanticize the past a time when families took care of their elders, often at home. If a senior is in hope of this happening, chances are the realization dwindles with each passing year. (Matthews, 2013) Most of the baby boomers with chronic illness will require nursing home care and will rely upon Medicare and Medicaid to curb paying for it.Who Pays for Baby Boom ers Health Care?Couples turning sixty-five now should assume their portion of long term health care will be a minimum of $220,000 or more out of pocket. Most baby boomers have $50,000 or less when sixty-five rolls around and will expect to rely solely on Medicare and Medicaid. (Gleckman, 2013) This mindset is unrealistic. The number of people already dependent on these systems that are under sixty-five has nearly bankrupts the systems and the anticipation of the addition of large numbers of baby boomers certainly more than justifies the need for Health Care Reform.ConclusionMany baby boomers failed to prepare for the advanced health costs associated with aging. Medical technology has prolonged life. However, for all the technology, nothing was done to ensure the baby boomers (or those younger than the boomers) retained adequate savings to meet the high cost of health care. Realistically, a twenty-five year old couple each earning minimum wage has a gross salary of $580 per week, $2,513 per month. The couple would have to save 25% of their gross salary to come close to the amount needed to cover out of pocket expenses after sixty-five years of age.(Gleckman, 2013) In todays society, is that reality? What happens then? Baby Boomers reality check has yet to reach full impact. It is going to take awesome government change and far more restraint on the US citizen to pay for senior care in the future.ReferencesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (June, 2014). disfigurement & Prevention & Control Traumatic Brain Injury. Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/get-the-facts.html Gleckman, H. (5/22/2013). Why Baby Boomers Need to Get Real About Health and Long-Term-Care Costs in Retirement. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/howardgleckman/2013/05/22/why Live science (January 15, 2013) whats the leading cause of death for the elderly Retrieved from http//wwwlivescience.com/32413-whats-the-leading-cause-of-death Matthews, S. (10/03/2013) . How the Aging Population is changing the Health Care System. Retrieved from http//www.everydayhealth.com/senior-living/aging-and-health WHO, International (May, 2014). The surmount 10 causes of death. Retrieved from http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/ent